[Compiler] 프로그래밍언어론 정리

본 글은 필자가 2021년도 2학기에 프로그래밍언어론 수업을 듣고 퀴즈 준비차 작성한 글입니다.

Whole System

From Source code,

1. Parser ( -> Parse Tree)
   1. Lexical Analyzer ( -> Tokens)
   2. Syntatic Analyzer ( ->Parse Tree)
      • Chomsky Hierarchy 중 Context Free Grammar
2. Compiler (->Assembly lanugage)
   1. Semantic Analyzer
      • Semantics: Variables, Polymorphism, Scope
   2. Compiler vs.  Interpreter
   3. Etc.
      • Dynamic Compilation(JIT Compilation)
      • Virtual Machine
      • Interpretive Compiler
3. Assembler ( -> Object file/ Machine's binary format)
4. Linker ( -> Executable file)
   1. Static Linking / Dynamic Linking
   2. Delayed Linking: Loadtime Dynamic Linking / Run-time Dynamic Linking
5. Loader (-> Running program in memory)
   1. Variable Binding
   2. Allocation of Activation Record
      • Activation Record: on Function, Activation record variable
      • Static Allocation
      • Dynamic Allocation: Stack, Heap
      • Problem: How can the inner function know the most recent activation for outer function
        • Nesting Link, Displays, Lambda linking
   3. Parameter Passing
      • Parameter type: Formal, Actual / Positional, Named Parameter
      • Parameter Passing: Passing by value/result/value-result // reference // macro expansion / name / need

Language System

1. gcc, IDE(통합환경)
2. Intepreter / Compiler / Intepretive Compiler
3. Virtual Machine (JVM)
4. Profiling
5. Dynamic Compilation (JIT)

Context Free Grammar

• elements of CFG: Token, Non-terminal, Start symbol, Production rule
• Normal Form: EBNF, BNF

Semantics

1. Variables

• Type: Primitive type & Constructed type
• Rules
  • Scope rules: regulate the visibility of the identifier
  • Type rules: regulate the expected types of arguments and returned value for the operations of a language
• Type annotation / Checking
• Equivalence

2. Polymorphism

: functions with extra flexibility

• Ad hoc Polymorphism
  • Overloading
  • Parameter Coerion
• Universal Polymorphism
  • Subtype Polymorphism
  • Parametric Polymorphism

3. Scope

• Scope annotation & inference
  • Static Scoping
  • Dynamic Scoping

Memory

1. Stack

• Activation record
  • Activation of function: Return address, link to  
  • Activation-specific variable